GUS: Poland continues demographic decline
At the end of 2024, Poland’s population stood at 37.49 million, down 147,000 y/y, according to Statistics Poland (GUS). Births totaled just 252,000—20,000 fewer than in 2023—while deaths reached 409,000. The fertility rate remains well below replacement, at ~1.3, leading to accelerating population aging. The median age is now 43, with seniors (65+) making up over 20% of the population. Marriage rates also fell, while migration posted a modest net gain of 9,300. By 2060, GUS projects Poland’s population will shrink by 6.6 million, with deaths rising to nearly 490,000 annually.
Half the population will be over 50, straining labor supply and social security systems.
